Issa Branch Collection and Site


The ground floor of the fortress called Gospina Batarija, or Our Lady’s Battery, houses an exhibit of hydro-archaeological materials, such as different types of amphorae found in the underwater zones offshore from Vis. They testify to the importance of Issa as a trade destination as well as the importance of its port. Among them, a rare Greek amphora made in Corinth and dated to the 5th/4th century stands out. Also on display are a large dolium with a surface that had been subsequently perforated, the stocks of ancient anchors and the cargo of a sunken ship consisting of Lamboglia 2 type amphorae from the end of the 2nd and the mid-1st century BC.

The Prehistoric and Hellenistic Collection is on the fort’s upper floor, consisting of objects discovered on the island of Vis that date from the Neolithic to the late Hellenistic periods. In the first section, prehistoric materials from the earlier phase of the Neolithic (New Stone Age) are exhibited, followed by Bronze and Iron Age artefacts: potsherds, fibulae and spiral-spectacle decorations.

These are followed by a Corinthian aryballos, small perfume containers, a buccero-type Etruscan kantharos and a statuette that probably represents the goddess of the afterlife (Kore, Persephone), and then exhibits of Southern Italian Red-figure vases: a hydria, kernos, lebes gamikos (wedding bowl), lekanis, etc. These objects have been dated to the latter half of the 4th century BC.

Gnathian ware is represented by numerous examples made in the vicinity of Taras (Taranto) and Canosa (Kanusion), and in southern Italy in general. The second group of Gnathian ware is represented by vessels made in local Issaean workshops. Gnathian ware is characterized by the grooved surfaces of vessels (not always) and decorations in white, yellow and red on a black base. Issaean Gnathian ware retains the same features, but it is also distinctive in that it is decorated in the so-called West Slope style. The objects date from the final third of the 4th to the 2nd century BC.

The discovery of a bronze head of the goddess Artemis, of which a replica is displayed in the Collection, was particularly significant. The head was part of a 150 cm statue, made in the Praxitelean tradition. It is a product from the end of the 4th century BC and is one of the most notable bronze Greek artefacts in Croatia.

Other vessels on display include Black-gloss ware and Upper Adriatic (Alto Adriatico) ware from the end of the 4th to the 3rd century BC.

The open areas of the permanent display feature gravestones and public inscriptions, such as stelae of various shapes, but mostly trapezoidal with a triangular pediment. The inscription of Ionios is particularly important, as it clearly indicates that Issa was called the island of Ionios. An inscription that mentions the strategos is also notable.

The Collection’s final section includes women’s gold and bronze jewellery and toiletries, as well as a very beautiful bronze oenochoe used for ritual purposes. The handle ends in a winged mermaid holding a shell in her right hand. At the bottom of the handle is one of the Horae, the personification of spring.

Small stone altars were frequently found in Issaean houses. Many lacked inscriptions, while some of them have a preserved dedicatory inscription. One of them reads: “To [the goddess] Syria Ctesias vows.” All altars are generally unadorned, and those that are have only sparsely rendered, linear decorations.

The Collection closes with terracotta figurines, of which small Tanagra-type female statuettes predominate, although there are also other forms, such as a bird on a  pomegranate, a small model ship, a small theatre mask, etc.

The Collection has the highest number Hellenistic objects in Croatia, all of which were discovered in the area of ancient Issa and its necropolises.

Underwater archaeology display

Underwater archaeology display

  • Vis, Vela Svitnja

  • end of 2nd – mid-1st century BC

    The Lamboglia 2 amphorae are displayed as though stowed in the lower deck of a ship.

Lamboglia 2 amphorae in the underwater archaeology display

Lamboglia 2 amphorae in the underwater archaeology display

  • Vis, Vela Svitnja
  • end of 2nd – mid-1st century BC

  • Amfore Lamboglia 2 u postavu podvodne arheologije
  • Vis, Vela Svitnja
  • kraj 2. st. - sred. 1. st. pr. Kr.
Spiral-spectacle decoration

Spiral-spectacle decoration

  • Vis, Kopacine

  • Late Bronze Age, 1300-1000 BC

  • length 15.8 cm

    A spiral-spectacle ornament made of bronze wire forming two spiral disks connected by a longer tubular coil.

Hydria, Red-figure ware

Hydria, Red-figure ware

  • Issa, the southeastern necropolis

  • final third of 4th century BC

  • height 38.5 cm, diameter of rim 15.4 cm, diameter of belly 22.5 cm, diameter of bottom 13.7 cm

    One handle is missing. Made of brown clay. The vessel’s mouth is wide and set horizontally on the high neck. The shoulder is broad and narrows slightly toward the foot. The handles are circular in section, set vertically on the vessel’s surface and drawn upward. The foot is low.

    Decoration: quality black glaze; alternating eight-petal rosettes and circles with smaller circles inside on the neck. Upper and lower corners between the rosettes and circles each contain three triangular dots that divide the fields with rosettes and circles. Ovules between two horizontal lines are below, followed by circlets with three dots below each. The central section features a representation of a naiskos, inside which the deceased sits holding a mirror in her right hand and a jewellery box in her left. In front of her is another woman bringing her a wreath. She wears a white chiton with a red vertical stripe divided by a thin yellow line. The naiskos architecture consists of columns bearing a beam with a triangular pediment, atop which are stylized acroteria.

Oenochoe, Gnathian ware produced in Issa

Oenochoe, Gnathian ware produced in Issa

  • Issa, south-eastern necropolis

  • end of the 4th – beginning of 3rd century BC

  • height 26 cm, diameter of belly 12.5 cm, diameter of bottom 7.5 cm

    Entirely preserved. Made of brown clay with black glaze. Handle is circular in section, vertically connected to trilobe. Ends in point to which animal head is affixed, painted white. Belly is sack-shaped, grooved into two sections, separated by central band. Grooved section bordered by brown lines. Low annular foot.

    Decoration: neck has ivy branch with leaves from which a brown scarf is suspended, with ivy branches and leaves hanging to the sides. Central motif consists of two birds facing each other with a circle between them. Diagonal line decoration in central band is rendered in white. Alexandria group, Taras workshop.

Oenochoe, Gnathian ware produced in Issa

Oenochoe, Gnathian ware produced in Issa

  • Issa, south-eastern necropolis
  • 3rd century BC

  • height 28.6 cm, width of belly 13.1 cm, diameter of bottom 6.7 cm

    Glued together from several pieces. Made of brown clay. Black glaze outside and inside the recipient. Handle is circular in section with woman’s head attached to its end. The body is sack-shaped, grooved into two bands from shoulder to foot. Moulded foot.

    Decoration: made by painting and engraving. Neck has geometric decoration between two shallowly incised lines, square grid in middle, small rhomboid grids to sides, all incised. Two birds in flight below, spiral decoration between them, all rendered in white. Engraved ovules follow. White astragal in band between grooved fields. The woman’s head tilts to right slightly, very meticulously rendered. Wears diadem in thick hair that covers her ears, but earrings protrude from under it.

Bronze head of goddess Artemis

Bronze head of goddess Artemis

  • Vis, unknown site

  • end of the 4th – beginning of 3rd century BC

  • height 21 cm

    The head of the goddess Artemis belonged to a bronze statue roughly 150 cm high. The head depicts a young woman with an idealized appearance. The face and forehead are completely smooth, without wrinkles. The nose is straight. The eyes are large, and the sclera is lined with lighter metal sheets (lead). A diadem with tendril decoration is worn in the wavy hair that is parted in the middle. The hair is gathered in a bun at the nape of the neck. The facial expression is calm and does not reveal any mood. The neck was broken off irregularly from the body.

    The idealized appearance and diadem in her hair confirm that it is a goddess, and it is clearly Artemis based on preserved similar statues, such as, for example, the statue of Diana in Versailles, a Roman copy of the Greek original.

    The facial expression and the shape of the head indicate sculptural elements based on the Praxitelean tradition. The head of the Issaean goddess is an original Greek product from the end of the 4th or beginning of the 3rd century BC and was part of a ritual statue.

Stone base with inscription reading “Island of Ionios”

Stone base with inscription reading “Island of Ionios”

  • Vis, Gradina

  • 4th century BC

  • length 49.5 cm, width 45 cm, height 22 cm

Plinth of a monument, left side missing, damaged in upper section, on left side and front, on which there is an inscription. The damage has been attributed to grape vine roots, but this is unlikely. Since all sides are, to a greater or lesser extent, damaged in roughly straight horizontal lines, it is apparent that this is a layered stone. Lime mortar with pebble in admixture visible on the rear side. The inscription field is damaged and the text is not legible in its entirety; the inscription is uniform and “island of Ionios” in the accusative case can be discerned in the second line. The text is rendered in four lines:


[- - -] τιο[- - -]
[- - - ί]ονιου νησον κο[- - -]
[- - - χω]ραν [..]συνο[..]μοις [- - -]
[- - - -ά]μμωνι[- - -]

Bronze jug, oenochoe

Bronze jug, oenochoe

  • Vis, unknown site

  • 1st century BC

  • height 33 cm

     

    A bronze oenochoe with a long neck ending in a narrow mouth. The body is heart-shaped. The handle is figuratively decorated, ending in a winged mermaid holding a shell in her right hand. At the bottom of the handle is one of the Horae, the personification of spring. The vessel dates to the 1st century BC.

Arula, small household altar

Arula, small household altar

  • Vis, Gradina

  • 1st century BC

  • height 17 cm, width 11.6 cm

    Small monolithic rectangular altar, made of white limestone. It is partially damaged in the upper part, but it seems that there was an end plate/abacus, which was sticking out. On the front side, there are two incised lines in the shape of the letter X across the entire surface. Between them is an inscription in three lines, while the field of the fourth line remained empty. The other three sides of the altar are undecorated. Height. letters: about 1 cm. The lower profile consists of a high plinth with only a partially preserved edge, an astragal, a shallow gear on the front and sides. On the front, in the middle of the plinth, a sigma-like sign (Σ) (signature or damage?). Upper profile: pinion, astragalus, fascia and focus of a chipped-edged altarpiece. Inscription:


Small monolithic rectangular altar, made of white limestone. It is partially damaged in the upper section, but it plausibly had a jutting abacus. Two incised lines forming the shape of the letter X cross the entire surface on the front. Between them is an inscription in three lines, while the field of the fourth line is empty. The other three sides of the altar are unadorned. The height of the letters is approximately 1 cm. The lower profile consists of a high plinth with only a partially preserved edge, an astragalus and a shallow denticulate ornament on the front and sides. A sigma-like symbol (Σ) (a signature or damage?) is on the front in the middle of the plinth. The upper profile has a denticulate ornament, astragalus, fascia and focus stone with a chipped edge.

Inscription:

ΣΥΡΙΑΙ 

ΚΤΗΣΙΑΣ 

ΕΥΑΝ 

Sυρίαι Kτησíας εύ(χὴ ν, - ξάμενος) άν(έθηκε)

To Syria Ctesias vows

Terracotta figurine of standing woman wearing chiton and himation

Terracotta figurine of standing woman wearing chiton and himation

  • Issa, south-eastern necropolis

  • 3rd century BC

  • height 18 cm

    Completely preserved, remains of white base and red paint on surface. Oval opening on back.
    The female figure wears a long chiton and himation that envelopes the entire body and head like a fan and reaches below the knees. The right hand is thrown back at hip level, the left holds the end of the himation. The body’s weight rests on the left leg, while the right is bent at the knee. The head and forehead are covered with a veil so that only the small face is visible.

Terracotta theatre mask

Terracotta theatre mask

  • Issa, south-eastern necropolis

  • 3rd century BC

  • height 8.5 cm, width 3.5 cm

    Small theatrical mask, made of brown clay. The hair is lush and thick, combed back, the forehead is flat, without creases. The eyes are large and bulging, the eyebrows arched high, giving the face a grotesque, stern expression. The nose is regular and the mouth is wide open. The right part of the jaw and the lower lip, which have been reconstructed, are missing.

Terracotta figurine of a bird on a pomegranate

Terracotta figurine of a bird on a pomegranate

  • Issa, south-eastern necropolis

  • 3rd century BC

  • height 12.5 cm

    An entirely preserved figurine of a bird on a pomegranate, remains of white base and dark paint on surface. Entire surface slightly damaged.

    A pomegranate, bird and two flowers are on a circular pedestal. The pomegranate has accentuated notches and a stem next to which a bird with folded wings and a long tail is perched. Two uniformly modelled flowers are set between the pomegranate and the base.